1 Look at the table below and find yourself.
2 Now, find a friend or acquaintance in the diagram:
Exercise A.2
Look at the diagram of the digital ocean and print it out.
Follow the recording and take notes.
Then, look through the script to find new collocations.
Imagine diving into the vast ocean… but this time, instead of fish and coral reefs, you encounter social media platforms, algorithms, influencers, and trolls!
Welcome to the digital ocean, where the internet is like a vast sea, and every part of it plays a role in how we interact, share content, and influence one another. From service providers and platforms to content creators and trolls, it’s all connected. Let’s explore the structure and the relationships within this unique ecosystem!
[Landmass and the Ocean]
At the very top of our diagram, we have the landmass, representing the infrastructure that makes everything possible. These are the Internet Service Providers, platforms, and regulators. They lay the groundwork and rules for the entire ecosystem—just like how landforms support the ocean.
And beneath that is the ocean itself—this is the digital world. All the activity, content, and interaction take place here, just as all life happens in the water of the ocean. But it’s not just still water—this ocean has currents, tidal forces, and sand ripples!
- Algorithms act as the ocean currents—they guide and control the flow of content, showing us what we see on social media.
- Trends are like tidal forces, coming and going in waves, influencing what’s popular online.
- And societal influences are like sand ripples, constantly shifting, driven by platforms like Meta and Google, shaping how we think and act.
[Leviathans: The Social Media Giants]
Next, we have the Leviathans—the giants of the digital ocean! These are the social media platforms like Meta (Facebook and Instagram), Google (YouTube), and TikTok. They dominate the digital world and control what goes viral through their algorithms. Just like whales control vast sections of the ocean, these platforms have immense influence over what content we engage with.
[Mid-Level Players: Influencers and Knowledge Providers]
Moving down the chain, we have the Blue Whales, Dolphins, and Whale Watchers—these represent different kinds of influencers and content creators.
- Blue Whales are the mega influencers—the big names with millions of followers, like Oprah or PewDiePie. They create massive waves of influence.
- Dolphins represent collaborative influencers, such as MrBeast or educational YouTubers, who work together and steer positive trends.
- Whale Watchers are the fact-checkers and knowledge providers, like Snopes or Wikipedia editors. They keep the ecosystem balanced by ensuring the content we see is accurate.
[Community Builders and General Users]
Next, we dive deeper to find the Coral and Kelp Forests—the community builders. These are the moderators, group creators, and supportive networks that provide structure and safety in the digital ocean. They help keep communities thriving, just like coral reefs shelter marine life.
Then, we have the Plankton Posters and Cod, Haddock, and Pollock—these represent the everyday users and small content creators who keep the ecosystem moving. They may not be as flashy, but they are essential for sustaining the digital world.
[The Predators: Trolls and Manipulators]
Finally, we reach the predators—the more destructive forces in the ecosystem. These are the Sharks, Octopuses, and Catfish—the trolls, manipulative content creators, and deceptive users.
- Sharks are the aggressive trolls who stir up trouble and thrive on conflict, attacking anyone who crosses their path.
- Octopuses are the manipulative users, spreading fake news or misleading content, shaping narratives to their advantage.
- And Catfish—just like their namesake—are users who create fake profiles to deceive others, lurking in the shadows of the digital ocean.
So, just like the real ocean, the digital world is a complex, interconnected ecosystem. From the currents of algorithms to the whales of social media and the predators lurking below, every part of the system plays a role in how we experience content and interact online.
What claim does the author want to defend?
It’s easy to think of the digital world as chaotic and unstructured, where viral trends and heated debates pop up out of nowhere like sudden storms; this is a common misconception. Much like the ocean, the digital landscape is a highly organized and complex ecosystem, with its own predators, prey, and everything in between.
The digital world is an interconnected web of platforms, users, and content creators, each influencing and reacting to one another. From the outside, it may look like chaos, but under the surface, there's a deep structure, similar to an ocean ecosystem. Behind every viral dance challenge or Twitter rant lies a complex interplay of forces, from invisible algorithms to user behavior, guiding the ebb and flow of content.
In this article, we’ll dive into the metaphorical ocean of social media to explore the various 'species' that inhabit it and how they interact to create waves of engagement and influence. And sure, while some of these behaviors might make you chuckle—like influencers doing ridiculous challenges for likes—don't let the humor fool you. These actions are often carefully calculated and, in many cases, driven by one primary goal: revenue. Understanding these dynamics is crucial whether you’re a casual user, a content creator, or a business trying to survive in this digital sea. At the end of the day, for most players in this ocean, financial gain trumps credibility.
Imagine the landmass beneath the ocean—the mountains, valleys, and coastlines. This landmass represents the physical infrastructure of the internet: Internet Service Providers (ISPs), satellites like Starlink, base stations, and undersea cables. These are the often overlooked heroes of the digital ecosystem—the Starlinks and Vodafones that make sure we stay connected. They form the foundation of the digital world, much like the ocean floor supports marine life. Without them, we wouldn’t have Wi-Fi to post memes or rage-tweet our frustrations when our internet lags.
The ocean itself represents the digital world—the vast sea of memes, Instagram posts, viral tweets, and YouTube rabbit holes. And what keeps all this content in motion? Algorithms, the invisible ocean currents of the internet. They determine what you see and what gets lost in the depths, guiding users through waves of cat videos and conspiracy theories alike. Like ocean currents, these algorithms are powerful forces, often pulling us from one trending topic to another faster than we can scroll past.
Hovering just below the surface are the Harbor Masters—governments and regulators who try (with varying success) to impose rules on the digital sea. These regulators, like the EU's GDPR and the FTC, aim to protect users’ privacy and ensure that platforms follow ethical guidelines. But let’s be honest: trying to control the digital sea is like trying to stop the tide with a beach umbrella. For example, while regulators work to block misinformation, another essential oil cure-all post garners thousands of likes.
At the top of the food chain are the Leviathans—the social media giants like Meta (Facebook, Instagram), Alphabet (Google, YouTube), and TikTok. These platforms control the flow of content like whales and sharks dominating the seas. Their algorithms act as the ocean’s most powerful currents, dictating what goes viral and what sinks into obscurity.
Have you ever noticed how after searching for something random, your entire feed suddenly fills with ads for that product? That’s the Leviathans at work, constantly feeding on your data and directing the flow of information to keep you engaged (and spending). These platforms thrive on maximizing engagement to generate ad revenue, and whether the content is credible or not often doesn’t matter—as long as you’re clicking.
Just below the Leviathans are the Dolphin Debaters, better known as influencers. These content creators use their charm and intelligence, much like dolphins, to engage audiences and steer trends. They collaborate with brands and each other to maintain their relevance in the digital sea, often riding the algorithmic currents to stay visible.
Their primary goal? Revenue, of course. Ever wondered why your favorite influencer suddenly swears by a specific brand of detox tea? It’s likely not because it’s the best product, but because it’s the one that pays the most. These dolphins play smart, but when demonetized for violating platform policies, their desperation can be laughable—cue the teary Instagram post: “Guys, my YouTube channel got demonetized... I don’t know what to do... #HelpMe.”
Deep in the digital depths are the Squid Snitchers, those users who report content based on their personal beliefs or creed. Like squids releasing ink when threatened, they disrupt conversations by reporting posts that don’t align with their worldview. These snitches aren’t waiting for platform guidelines to catch up—they’ll flag your meme faster than you can say "community standards." And while we might chuckle when a harmless joke gets flagged, the Squid Snitchers are serious, aiming to reshape the digital landscape according to their own rules.
Next are the Octopus Orchestrators—master manipulators who craft, twist, and manage content to shape the narrative in their favor. Just like the elusive octopus, they work behind the scenes, using multiple arms to extend their influence far and wide. Think of these users as the orchestrators of viral campaigns or fake news stories. They might start with a single piece of misleading content, carefully crafting it to look credible, and watch as it spreads like wildfire.
An example? Ever see a "breaking news" story shared on multiple platforms, only to find out later it was completely fabricated? That’s the work of an Octopus Orchestrator—spinning stories with enough truth to hook you, then watching the clicks roll in.
Then we have the Clownfish Commenters—the users who bring humor and color to the digital conversation. They’re the life of the social media party, and you’ve probably encountered them on every platform, dropping witty one-liners and sarcastic comments in otherwise serious threads. Sure, we laugh at their antics, but these clownfish know exactly what they’re doing—keeping the engagement flowing and the likes piling up. For example, in a heated political debate, a Clownfish Commenter might jump in with, “At least we can all agree that pizza is the best food ever,” diffusing the tension with a joke. While it seems lighthearted, they’re playing their part in the ecosystem by keeping the conversation alive—albeit with humor.
Meet the Parrotfish Propagators—the users who consume and regurgitate content without any regard for its credibility. They mimic what they see, much like parrotfish munching on coral and turning it into sand. These users share viral posts, articles, and memes, often without reading or fact-checking, helping misinformation spread far and wide.
You’ve probably seen a Parrotfish Propagator in action: they share an outrageous headline on Facebook, accompanied by “OMG can you believe this?!” without ever clicking the link. Whether the content is true or not doesn’t matter—they’re just happy to keep the cycle going.
Then there are the Shark Shouters, the trolls of the digital ocean who lurk, ready to pounce on any post with aggressive commentary. They’re not interested in reasoned debate—oh no. These sharks thrive on stirring up drama and feeding off the chaos they create. Their favorite tactic? Leaving inflammatory comments like “Only idiots believe this!” to spark heated debates that platforms love because they drive engagement.
Platforms may not actively promote Shark Shouters, but they certainly benefit from the attention these users bring. The more drama, the more clicks—algorithmically speaking, controversy is just another form of engagement.
Finally, we have the Whale Watchers—the vigilant users who act as the fact-checkers and protectors of the ecosystem. Like conservationists monitoring marine life, Whale Watchers keep a close eye on misinformation and step in when things get out of hand. They’ll dive into a thread full of conspiracy theories and provide well-researched sources to debunk false claims, often accompanied by, “Actually, here’s the truth…” Sure, sometimes they kill the fun, but Whale Watchers play a crucial role in keeping the ecosystem from becoming overrun with lies. Without them, the digital sea would be even murkier than it already is.
At the bottom of the food chain are the *Plankton Posters*—everyday users who like, comment, and share content. They’re the small but mighty contributors who keep the entire ecosystem afloat. Their individual actions might seem insignificant, but together, they form the base of the entire digital ocean. You may not think much of your latest “like” on a friend's dog photo, but multiply that by millions, and you’re feeding the system. Without these plankton-like users, there wouldn’t be enough engagement to sustain the larger species like influencers and platforms.
In both ecosystems, survival is key. But while marine species fight for food, digital species fight for revenue. Platforms, influencers, and even everyday users are all caught in a race for attention. Sure, we laugh when influencers promote questionable products or post emotional videos about being demonetized, but there’s real financial pressure behind the scenes.
For many content creators, especially influencers, income depends on keeping their audience engaged, and when their revenue stream is suspended, they react with visible desperation. No likes, no money—credibility often takes a back seat when rent is due. Platforms like YouTube and TikTok know this and use it to their advantage, rewarding content that keeps users glued to their screens. Whether it’s drama stirred by Shark Shouters or the latest “health hack” from Dolphin Debaters, the end goal is always the same: revenue.
Governments and regulators, like harbor masters, do their best to keep the digital seas in check, but the platforms have the upper hand, always adapting to maximize engagement. Ultimately, revenue generation shapes the digital ecosystem, often leaving credibility and truth in its wake. In this ocean, survival is measured in clicks, likes, and the almighty dollar.